On the other hand, electroencephalography (EEG) has an excellent temporal resolution. Previous fMRI studies on human face perception revealed a specific area related to face perception, termed the fusiform face area (FFA) (for example, Kanwisher et al., 1997). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has an excellent spatial resolution that is sufficient to detect activated areas due to an increase in blood flow in the brain areas. In addition, there are many studies of human face perception using non-invasive methods for human subjects. Therefore, many studies have been performed and models of human face perception were suggested (e.g., Bruce and Young, 1986). In psychology, human face perception is one of the main topics. By judging facial information, especially expressions, one can read and sympathize with others’ emotions through social interaction. Introductionįacial information, such as sex, familiarity, and expression, plays an important part in our daily lives. – Random dots blinking, which presents stimuli without a change in luminance during the presentation of a face, is a useful visual stimulus method to investigate face perception processing. On the other hand, the matching of the direction between the contours and features of a face affects the processing in the left hemisphere. – The direction of the features of a face affects the face perception processing in the right hemisphere. – Event-related components related to the superior temporal sulcus (STS) activity are larger when eyes are averted than when looking straight. In addition, the activity in the IT area plays an important role in the detection processing of a face and the contours of a face affect the activity in the IT area. – Event-related components related to the activity in the inferior temporal (IT) area are evoked after the presentation of a face. In this review, we discuss the following characteristics of face perception processing based on our previous electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies: (4) Random dots blinking (RDB), which uses temporal changes in patterns of many small dots to present stimuli without a change in luminance during the presentation of a face, is a useful visual stimulus method to investigate the brain activity related to face perception processing in the IT area using EEG and MEG. (3) The direction of features of a face affects the face perception processing in the right hemisphere. (2) Event-related components in the temporal area related to the superior temporal sulcus (STS) activity are larger when eyes are averted than when directly looking into the eyes. The activity in the IT area plays an important role in the detection processing of a face, and the contours of a face affect the activity in the IT areas. In this review, we introduce our previous EEG and MEG studies of human face perception that demonstrated the following characteristics of face perception processing: (1) Event-related components in the temporal area related to the activity in the inferior temporal (IT) area, corresponding to the fusiform face area (FFA), are evoked approximately 180 msec after the presentation of a face. Therefore, they are useful to investigate time sequences of human brain activity related to the face perception process. Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) have excellent temporal resolution and reasonably good spatial resolution. Recently, non-invasive methods have been used to investigate human brain activity related to perception and cognition processes. The face has a large amount of information that is useful for humans in social communication. 4Higashi Owari National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Nagoya, Japan.3Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.2School of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Toyota College of Nursing, Toyota, Japan.1Integrative Physiology, College of Nursing, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.Kensaku Miki 1,2,3*, Yasuyuki Takeshima 3, Shoko Watanabe 4 and Ryusuke Kakigi 3
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